China Carbon black filter working principle-Xinxiang Yinuo Machineries Co., Ltd.

Carbon Black Vacuum Filter

The carbon black filter is a continuous vacuum filtration device specially designed for solid-liquid separation and dehydration of carbon black slurry during carbon black production. Ingeniously combining the principles of vacuum suction and capillary action, this equipment boasts prominent advantages such as large processing capacity, low filter cake moisture content, high automation level, and stable and reliable operation.

What is Carbon Black?

Carbon black is an extremely fine black powder composed of carbon elements. It is mainly produced through the incomplete combustion or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, appearing as a black powder or granular substance. As a highly versatile functional material in industrial production, its basic structure consists of numerous tiny spherical or sub-spherical carbon particles aggregated into chain-like or clustered formations.

Key Characteristics:

High Specific Surface Area: With a particle size typically ranging from 10 to 500 nanometers, it features an exceptionally large specific surface area.

Strong Tinting Strength and Hiding Power: It is deep black in color and is widely used as a black pigment.

Electrical and Thermal Conductivity: Certain types of carbon black exhibit excellent electrical conductivity.

Reinforcing Effect: When incorporated into rubber, it significantly enhances strength, wear resistance, and aging resistance.

Working Principle of Carbon Black Filter

The carbon black vacuum disc filter drives solid-liquid separation via negative pressure difference, and its working cycle consists of 6 key stages.

Cake Formation by Adsorption

The filter discs are partially submerged in the carbon black slurry. The vacuum pump generates a negative pressure of 0.09–0.098 MPa, allowing the liquid to pass through the filter cloth into the filter chamber while the carbon black particles are trapped to form filter cakes.

Dehydration and Drying

As the filter discs rotate out of the slurry surface, vacuum suction continues, gradually reducing the moisture content of the filter cakes.

Optional Washing

The filter cakes are spray-washed to remove soluble impurities.

Compaction Enhancement

The vacuum suction further compresses the filter cakes to expel residual moisture.

Back-blowing Discharge

Compressed air purges the filter cloth in the reverse direction, and the filter cakes are scraped off with the assistance of scrapers.

Filter Cloth Cleaning

Residual carbon black on the surface of the filter cloth is automatically removed in preparation for the next cycle.

Composition and Structure

The carbon black filter is composed of 7 core systems, which are professionally optimized for the characteristics of carbon black, including its ultra-fine particle size, high adsorptivity, and strong contamination tendency.

System	Core component	Carbon black specific design
Filtration system	Vertical filter disc, specialized filter cloth	The filter cloth is made of anti-static, wear-resistant, and anti clogging materials, suitable for carbon black ultrafine particles
Transmission system	Adjusting motors, reducers, and distribution valves	Variable frequency speed regulation is suitable for different concentrations of carbon black slurry, and the distribution valve accurately controls the vacuum/blowback switching
Vacuum system	Vacuum pump, vacuum tank, steam water separator	High vacuum stable system, with a vacuum degree of -0.095MPa or above, improving dehydration efficiency by 25%
Slurry system	Slurry tank, mixing device, liquid level controller	Low speed stirring to prevent carbon black precipitation, automatic liquid level control to ensure stable filtration
Unloading system	Scraper device, blowback device, conveying equipment	Soft scraper+high-pressure blowback to avoid excessive crushing of carbon black particles
Control system	PLC+touch screen, automatic monitoring system	Real time monitoring of vacuum degree, filter cake thickness, speed and other parameters, automatic fault alarm
Auxiliary system	Cleaning device, lubrication system, safety protection	Online cleaning function reduces downtime for maintenance

Core Functions of Carbon Black Vacuum Filter

High-Efficiency Solid-Liquid Separation

Driven by vacuum negative pressure adsorption, it rapidly separates solids from liquids in carbon black slurry, captures micron-sized fine particles, and produces high-purity carbon black filter cakes, thus ensuring the performance of downstream products.

Energy Consumption & Cost Reduction

The moisture content of filter cakes is controlled between 10%–25%, which is significantly lower than that of conventional equipment. This drastically cuts down energy consumption in subsequent drying processes, while the filter cakes are also easier to store and process.

Environmentally Friendly Resource Recovery

The filtrate after filtration can be recycled, reducing emissions and raw material waste, and complying with European and American environmental standards.

Compatibility with Large-Scale Production

Featuring a multi-disc structure and high-automation design, it offers a large filtration area and high processing capacity. With automatic cleaning and discharge functions, it lowers labor costs and ensures production continuity.

Customized Adaptation to Working Conditions

Equipped with anti-clogging filter cloth and wear-and-corrosion-resistant materials, it specifically addresses the issues of fine particle size and easy agglomeration of carbon black, extending the service life of the equipment.

Application Fields of Carbon Black Filters

1. Carbon Black Manufacturing Industry

Dewatering of wet-process carbon black slurry and recycling of mother liquor

Precision purification and impurity removal of high-purity carbon black to meet the requirements of finished products of different grades

2. Midstream Carbon Black Application Industries

Rubber Industry: Pretreatment of carbon black for tires and non-tire rubber products to enhance the wear resistance and elasticity of finished items

Plastics Industry: Filtration of carbon black for color masterbatches and electrically conductive modified plastics, ensuring uniform color and stable conductivity

Coatings & Inks Industry: Purification and impurity removal of pigment carbon black to optimize coating hiding power and ink printing definition

New Energy Battery Industry: Treatment of conductive carbon black slurry for lithium-ion/lead-acid batteries, improving battery conductivity and service life

Others: Dewatering and impurity removal of carbon black for papermaking (pulp coloring) and building materials (waterproof membranes/sealants)

3. Powder Processing & Environmental Protection Scenarios

Dewatering of recycled carbon black from waste rubber/tires

Solid-liquid separation of chemical powders such as pigments and fillers

Treatment of industrial wastewater containing carbon black impurities to achieve compliance with discharge standards or recycling and reuse

With its technical advantages of continuous high efficiency, low moisture content and high automation, the carbon black vacuum filter has become a core piece of equipment in the modern carbon black industry. When making a selection, comprehensive consideration should be given to processing scale, product quality requirements and investment budget. Priority should be given to manufacturers with proven experience in the carbon black industry to ensure that the equipment performance perfectly matches production needs.

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